Abstract Wash Problem (9/2/91)

Notes to the Test Proctor:

Instructions to the subjects: Please read the italicized portions of the instructions word for word to the subjects.

Here are two examples. Look at example 1a. Here is what a man has, a cloth umbrella. Here is what happens to him, he gets wet. Now, here is what a man has, a plastic umbrella. Here is what happens to him, he stays dry. Look at example 1b. When the man has a cloth umbrella, is the man wet or dry? Answer the question to yourself.

Give the subjects some time to think over and answer the example problem.

The answer is that the man with the cloth umbrella gets wet. Are there any questions?

Answer the questions about causality relationships in 1a and 1b, but remember not to answer questions about causality relationships in the more complex examples, 1c and 2.

Now, look at example 1c. Look at all the things that the man has. Will he get wet or stay dry? Answer the question to yourself.

Ask again if there are any questions. Feel free to go around and give individual help.

Now look at example 2. In this example, different cleaners are used to try to remove a stain. Bleaches, soaps, boosters, and water may be used to try and remove the stain.

Encourage the subjects to ask questions about the set-up example 2 or any other questions they have before the test begins. Test proctors can individually go through the example instructions again, but they should not give the subjects the answer to the example problems 1c as this will interfere with the efficacy of the testing instrument. Proctors may answer questions on the relationships of causality in 1a or 1b, but not on the relationships of causality in examples 1c and

Here are two examples. You will answer the questions like them.

Here is an example of what happens when it rains.

1a.

1b.

1c.

2a.

2b.

2c.

2c.

1. A cloth was stained with red lipstick. Here are three ways it can be washed. Sometimes the cloth will be clean. Sometimes it will be dirty.

Look back at the examples. Now, circle the correct answer.

2. A cloth was stained with orange juice. Here are three ways it can be washed. Sometimes the cloth will be clean. Sometimes it will be dirty.

Look back at the examples. Now, circle the correct answer.

3. A cloth was stained with avocado. Here are three ways it can be washed. Sometimes the cloth will be clean. Sometimes it will be dirty.

Look back at the examples. Now, mark the correct answer.

4. A cloth was stained with shoe polish. Here are three ways it can be washed. Sometimes the cloth will be clean. Sometimes it will be dirty.

Look back at the examples. Now, circle the correct answer.

5. A cloth was stained with coffee. Here are three ways it can be washed. Sometimes the cloth will be clean. Sometimes it will be dirty.

Look back at the examples. Now, circle the correct answer.

6. A cloth was stained with rust. Here are three ways it can be washed. Sometimes the cloth will be clean. Sometimes it will be dirty.

Look back at the examples. Now, circle the correct answer.

7. A cloth was stained with raspberry. Here are three ways it can be washed. Sometimes the cloth will be clean. Sometimes it will be dirty.

Look back at the examples. Now, circle the correct answer.

8. A cloth was stained with toothpaste. Here are three ways it can be washed. Sometimes the cloth will be clean. Sometimes it will be dirty.

Look back at the examples. Now, circle the correct answer.

9. A cloth was stained with grease. Here are three ways it can be washed. Sometimes the cloth will be clean. Sometimes it will be dirty.

Look back at the examples. Now, circle the correct answer.

10. A cloth was stained with honey. Here are three ways it can be washed. Sometimes the cloth will be clean. Sometimes it will be dirty.

Look back at the examples. Now, circle the correct answer.

11. A cloth was stained with gravy. Here are three ways it can be washed. Sometimes the cloth will be clean. Sometimes it will be dirty.

Look back at the examples. Now, circle the correct answer.

12. A cloth was stained with tea. Here are three ways it can be washed. Sometimes the cloth will be clean. Sometimes it will be dirty.

Look back at the examples. Now, circle the correct answer.

13. A cloth was stained with applesauce. Here are three ways it can be washed. Sometimes the cloth will be clean. Sometimes it will be dirty.

Look back at the examples. Now, circle the correct answer.

14. A cloth was stained with grass. Here are three ways it can be washed. Sometimes the cloth will be clean. Sometimes it will be dirty.

Look back at the examples. Now, circle the correct answer.

15. A cloth was stained with BBQ sauce. Here are three ways it can be washed. Sometimes the cloth will be clean. Sometimes it will be dirty.

Look back at the examples. Now, circle the correct answer.

16. A cloth was stained with mud. Here are three ways it can be washed. Sometimes the cloth will be clean. Sometimes it will be dirty.

Look back at the examples. Now, circle the correct answer.

17. A cloth was stained with purple crayon. Here are three ways it can be washed. Sometimes the cloth will be clean. Sometimes it will be dirty.

Look back at the examples. Now, circle the correct answer.

18. A cloth was stained with mustard. Here are three ways it can be washed. Sometimes the cloth will be clean. Sometimes it will be dirty.

Look back at the examples. Now, circle the correct answer.

19. A cloth was stained with blueberry. Here are three ways it can be washed. Sometimes the cloth will be clean. Sometimes it will be dirty.

Look back at the examples. Now, circle the correct answer..

20. A cloth was stained with chocolate. Here are three ways it can be washed. Sometimes the cloth will be clean. Sometimes it will be dirty.

Look back at the examples. Now, circle the correct answer..